8% combined glycolic and lactic acid, buffered to a pH intended for repeated use rather than a single aggressive peel. Both acids work by loosening the bonds between corneocytes at the surface, encouraging more even shedding — they do not reach past the corneum, and nothing about this formula is intended to.
Sodium hyaluronate is included because an acid toner that strips without replacing surface moisture is a formulation shortcut, not a feature.